J.M.D. Coey, School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland (12 April 2012) Philosophical Magazine Vol. 92, No. 31, 1 November 2012, 3857– he Science – Descaling of Hard Water
JMD Coey, Stephen Cass February 2000 Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 209(1):71-74 DOI:10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00648-4
Effects of magnetic field on the crystallization of CaCO3 using permanent magnets. Chemical Engineering Science 63 (2008) 5606 – 5612 Clifford Y. Tai ∗, Chi-Kao Wu, Meng-Chun Chang Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
A laboratory study investigates the impact of magnetic treatment on scaling deposition, focusing on calcium carbonate. "The Effect of Magnetic Treatment on Retarding Scaling Deposition" by M.A. Salman, M. Safar, et al. (2015)
Effects of magnetic treatment on scaling power of hard waters; Bali Mahmoud & Mabrouk Yosra et al; Separation and Purification Technology, Volume 171, 17 October 2016, Pages 88-92
This research develops two magnetic devices using Neodymium-based rare earth magnets to apply static magnetic fields, aiming to explore scale inhibition through magnetic forces. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry ResearchVol 61/Issue 26 Applied Chemistry June 23, 2022, Jean Lombard Leané D. van Zijl et al
"A Critical Review of the Application of Electromagnetic Fields for Scale Inhibition in Water Systems" (2020): This review examines the use of electromagnetic fields, including magnetic fields, for scale inhibition, L., Jiang, W., Xu, X. et al.